libel

1 of 2

noun

li·​bel ˈlī-bəl How to pronounce libel (audio)
1
a
: a written statement in which a plaintiff in certain courts sets forth the cause of action or the relief sought
b
archaic : a handbill especially attacking or defaming someone
2
a
: a written or oral defamatory statement or representation that conveys an unjustly unfavorable impression
b(1)
: a statement or representation published without just cause and tending to expose another to public contempt
(2)
: defamation of a person by written or representational means
(3)
: the publication of blasphemous, treasonable, seditious, or obscene writings or pictures
(4)
: the act, tort, or crime of publishing such a libel

libel

2 of 2

verb

li·​bel ˈlī-bəl How to pronounce libel (audio)
libeled or libelled; libeling or libelling ˈlī-b(ə-)liŋ How to pronounce libel (audio)

intransitive verb

: to make libelous statements

transitive verb

: to make or publish a libel against (see libel entry 1)
libeler noun
libelist noun

Examples of libel in a Sentence

Noun To meet the Supreme Court's definition of libel involving a public figure, a quotation must not only be made up or materially altered. It must also defame the person quoted, and damage his or her reputation or livelihood … Jane Gross, New York Times, 5 June 1993
It is relevant to note that in 1987 the suit against Ms. Malcolm was dismissed … in a narrow ruling that stated that even if the quotations were "false and mischievous," Ms. Malcolm's alterations did not represent malicious intent and therefore did not constitute libel. Fred W. Friendly, New York Times Book Review, 25 Feb. 1990
The above is not only a flat lie but a political libel which may possibly damage me. Publish it at your peril … Bernard Shaw, letter, 16 Sept. 1949
In their tiresome addiction to this use of alleged, the newspapers, though having mainly in mind the danger of libel suits, can urge in further justification the lack of any other single word that exactly expresses their meaning; but the fact that a mud-puddle supplies the shortest route is not a compelling reason for walking through it. Ambrose Bierce, Write It Right, 1909
He sued the newspaper for libel. The newspaper was found guilty of libel. The newspaper's attorneys argued that the article was not a libel. Verb And in Oklahoma last year, lawyers filed a class-action suit against a group supporting tort reform, saying they had libeled trial lawyers. Judith Miller, New York Times, 11 June 1996
Government officials, he observed, were public servants who remained accountable to the people and therefore could not be libeled for their performance in office. Leonard W. Levy, Emergence of a Free Press, 1985
The jury found that the article libeled him. the court decided that the newspaper's reportage of the former mayor, while irresponsible, did not constitute an effort to libel him
Recent Examples on the Web
Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Noun
Rachel Weisz played you in Denial, the movie about your being sued for libel by a Holocaust denier. Karl Vick, TIME, 29 Oct. 2024 The initial libel case related to Robinson making false accusations against a Syrian schoolboy who was attacked in an incident shared widely on social media. Lauren Kent, CNN, 28 Oct. 2024
Verb
Angered by both the initial post and the follow-up, Mann filed a lawsuit against National Review in October of 2012, claiming that both Steyn and Lowry had not only libeled him, but were guilty of the intentional infliction of emotional distress. The Editors, National Review, 13 Mar. 2024 This quickly arose this question: What happens when somebody libels somebody in an online forum? The Politics Of Everything, The New Republic, 10 May 2023 See all Example Sentences for libel 

Word History

Etymology

Noun and Verb

Middle English, written declaration, from Anglo-French, from Latin libellus, diminutive of liber book

First Known Use

Noun

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Verb

1588, in the meaning defined at intransitive sense

Time Traveler
The first known use of libel was in the 14th century

Dictionary Entries Near libel

Cite this Entry

“Libel.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/libel. Accessed 1 Dec. 2024.

Kids Definition

libel

1 of 2 noun
li·​bel ˈlī-bəl How to pronounce libel (audio)
1
: something spoken, written, or drawn that injures a person's good name
2
: the act or crime of publishing a libel

libel

2 of 2 verb
libeled or libelled; libeling or libelling
: to hurt by a libel
libeler noun
or libeller
-b(ə-)lər
Etymology

Noun

Middle English libel "a written statement, little book" from early French libel (same meaning), from Latin libellus, "little book," from liber "book" — related to library

Word Origin
The ancient Romans used the Latin noun liber to refer to the inner bark of a tree. Because this material was used to write on before the introduction of papyrus to Rome from Egypt, liber came to be applied to a written document, especially a lengthy one. After papyrus became common, a liber was usually an entire papyrus scroll, hence a "book." Libellus, the diminutive form of liber, was borrowed into French as libelle, which was in turn borrowed into English as libel. Originally libel was used in the sense "little book," but in the 1500s handbills and leaflets, being likened to little books, were also called libels. Because they were a popular means of spreading gossip about famous people, the meaning of libel was extended to such injurious statements as well as to the crime of writing them.

Legal Definition

libel

1 of 2 noun
li·​bel ˈlī-bəl How to pronounce libel (audio)
1
: complaint sense 1
used especially in admiralty and divorce cases
2
a
: a defamatory statement or representation especially in the form of written or printed words
specifically : a false published statement that injures an individual's reputation (as in business) or otherwise exposes him or her to public contempt
b
: the publication of such a libel
c
: the crime or tort of publishing a libel see also single publication rule, New York Times Co. v. Sullivan compare defamation, slander

Note: Although libel is defined under state case law or statute, the U.S. Supreme Court has enumerated some First Amendment protections that apply to matters of public concern. In New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, the Court held that in order to recover damages a public person (as a celebrity or politician) who alleges libel (as by a newspaper) has to prove that “the statement was made with ‘actual malice’ — that is, with knowledge that it was false or with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not” in order to recover damages. The Court has also held that the states cannot allow a private person to recover damages for libel against a media defendant without a showing of fault (as negligence) on the defendant's part. These protections do not apply to matters that are not of public concern (as an individual's credit report) and that are not published by a member of the mass media. A libel plaintiff must generally establish that the alleged libel refers to him or her specifically, that it was published to others, and that some injury (as to reputation) occurred that gives him or her a right to recover damages (as actual, general, presumed, or special damages). The defendant may plead and establish the truth of the statements as a defense. Criminal libel may have additional elements, as in tending to provoke a breach of peace or in blackening the memory of someone who is dead, and may not have to be published to someone other than the person libeled.

libel

2 of 2 transitive verb
libeled also libelled; libeling also libelling
1
: to make or publish a libel against : to hurt the reputation of by libel
respondent's complaint alleged that he had been libeled by statements in a full-page advertisementNew York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964)
2
: to proceed against in law by filing a libel (as against a ship or goods)
several French ships were libeled in BostonJ. K. Owens
Etymology

Noun

Anglo-French, from Latin libellus, diminutive of liber book

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