castigate

verb

cas·ti·gate ˈka-stə-ˌgāt

castigated; castigating

Synonyms of castigate next

transitive verb

: to subject to severe punishment, reproof, or criticism

The judge castigated the lawyers for their lack of preparation.

castigation

ˌka-stə-ˈgā-shən

noun

castigator

ˈka-stə-ˌgā-tər

noun

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Castigate has a synonym in chastise: both verbs mean "to punish or to censure (someone)." They both also happen to come from the same Latin root, the verb castīgāre, meaning "to discipline for a fault or lapse; reprove, censure." Castīgāre is also the source of chasten, which can also mean "to discipline by punishment" but more commonly means "to subdue or make humble," as in "chastened by my foolish error." Castigate is the newest of the three verbs; current evidence dates it to the early 17th century, while chasten dates to the early 16th century, and chastise has been found in use as far back as the 14th.

Choose the Right Synonym for castigate

punish, chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct mean to inflict a penalty on in requital for wrongdoing.

punish implies subjecting to a penalty for wrongdoing.

punished for stealing

chastise may apply to either the infliction of corporal punishment or to verbal censure or denunciation.

chastised his son for neglecting his studies

castigate usually implies a severe, typically public censure.

an editorial castigating the entire city council

chasten suggests any affliction or trial that leaves one humbled or subdued.

chastened by a landslide election defeat

discipline implies a punishing or chastening in order to bring under control.

parents must discipline their children

correct implies punishing aimed at reforming an offender.

the function of prison is to correct the wrongdoer

Examples of castigate in a Sentence

The author castigated the prime minister as an ineffective leader. castigated him for his constant tardiness

Recent Examples on the Web

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.

In the afternoon, tenants of buildings at one of those complexes on North Dallas Street gathered with advocates and castigated Trump’s rhetoric. —

Nick Coltrain, The Denver Post, 11 Oct. 2024 However, in July, a central party committee castigated overzealous local governments seeking to meet President Xi Jinping’s climate targets via draconian measures such as limiting industrial output. —

Michael R. Davidson, Foreign Affairs, 18 Nov. 2021 The burst coincided with growing expectations of a victory for former president Donald Trump in the election on Tuesday, who has come out as a major crypto supporter after castigating the industry years ago. —

Steven Ehrlich, Forbes, 4 Nov. 2024 Francis Collins, the former director of the National Institutes of Health, has a piece in the Atlantic castigating the political class for promoting misinformation during the pandemic. —

Noah Rothman, National Review, 16 Sep. 2024 See all Example Sentences for castigate

Word History

Etymology

borrowed from Latin castīgātus, past participle of castīgāre "to discipline for a fault or lapse, reprove, censure," perhaps from *casti-, stem of *castis "reprimand" (going back to Indo-European *ḱHs-ti-, whence also Sanskrit śiṣṭi- "instruction") + *-ig-, going back to Indo-European -h₂ǵ-, zero-grade of *h₂eǵ- "drive, impel, lead" — more at agent

Note: This etymology follows G. Dunkel, "Latin verbs in -igāre and -īgāre," 125 Jahre Indogermanistik in Graz (Graz: Leykam, 2000), pp. 87-99. According to the older conventional explanation, the initial element is the adjective castus "free from, untouched (by the thing specified), pure, not sexually promiscuous" (see chaste), but semantically this is a poor fit, and does not clearly account for the long ī. On the other hand, Dunkel's hypothesis would mean that Indo-European *ḱeHs- shows up in Latin only in this presumed i-stem derivative and nowhere else, unless castus itself can be attributed to the same etymon—but again that does not fit well semantically ("instruct, reprove" > "pure"?). See also the note at chaste.

First Known Use

1606, in the meaning defined above

Time Traveler

The first known use of castigate was in 1606

See more words from the same year

Cite this Entry

Style

“Castigate.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/castigate. Accessed 1 Dec. 2024.

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Kids Definition

castigate

verb

cas·ti·gate ˈkas-tə-ˌgāt

castigated; castigating

: to punish, scold, or criticize harshly

castigation

ˌkas-tə-ˈgā-shən

noun

castigator

ˈkas-tə-ˌgāt-ər

noun

Last Updated: 24 Nov 2024 - Updated example sentences

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castigate

verb

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Synonyms

Examples of castigate in a Sentence

Word History

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